SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: ORIGINS AND CONCEPTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2015.73.51-56Keywords:
demographic transition, birth rate, marriage, fertility, demographic processes, UkraineAbstract
The second demographic transition is considered as the latest stage of demographic modernization, in economically developed countries it took place in the early 1970s, when the first signs of fundamental changes in fertility and family models occurred in cities of USA, Canada, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. The main criterion of initiated changes was fertility decrease in women under 20 years and raising age of the marriage. The second demographic transition is the result of widespread individualisticoriented system of values in modern society and a corresponding change in the rules of the demographic behavior of individuals. Its main features are increasing number of unregistered marriages; increase in the average age of a registered marriage, the average age of first birth and the average age of motherhood in general; increase in the share of illegitimate births; reducing the proportion of fertility in the youngest age group of mothers and increasing the share of older age groups of mothers; raising divorce ratio. The concept of the second demographic transition is widely investigated under significant demographic changes of recent decades in developed countries. Current demographic processes in Central and Eastern Europe confirm the features that are characterized the second demographic transition. Ukraine as Central and Eastern Europe also has a number of features of the second demographic transition, which is geographically differentiated. The article provides an overview of international research concepts of demographic processes and analysis of contemporary features of demographic processes in Ukraine in the context of the second demographic transition.
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